Gemtuzumab ozogamicin
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From MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine
Boxed warning
WARNING: HEPATOTOXICITY Hepatotoxicity, including severe or fatal hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD), also known as sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), has been reported in association with the use of MYLOTARG as a single agent, and as part of a combination chemotherapy regimen. Monitor frequently for signs and symptoms of VOD after treatment with MYLOTARG. ( 5.1 and 6.1 ) WARNING: HEPATOTOXICITY See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. Hepatotoxicity, including severe or fatal hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD), also known as sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), has been reported in association with the use of MYLOTARG. ( 5.1 , 6.1 )
Handling and access
NIOSH hazardous drug
Table 1NIOSH lists gemtuzumab ozogamicin as a hazardous drug. AHFS class: 10:00 antineoplastic agents.
- The package insert includes manufacturer's special handling information (MSHI). Follow it when preparing, administering, and disposing of this drug.
- Biologic (Biologics License Application).
Handle with the precautions your facility uses for hazardous drugs (USP <800>). NIOSH's Managing Hazardous Drug Exposures lists controls by drug form and activity.
CD33-directed Immunoconjugate
Dosing in kidney impairment
This label has no separate kidney-impairment dosing section. Check warnings and clinical pharmacology in the full label.
Preparation and administration
Prepare this dose
Your numbers for gemtuzumab ozogamicin. Take vial strength, diluent, and limits from the label below.
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Instructions for Reconstitution, Dilution, and Administration Use appropriate aseptic technique for the reconstitution and dilution procedures. Protect the reconstituted and diluted MYLOTARG solution from light. Reconstitution
MYLOTARG is a cytotoxic drug. Follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures. 1
Calculate the dose (mg) and number of vials of MYLOTARG required.
Prior to reconstitution, allow drug product vials to reach room temperature (up to 30°C) for approximately 5 minutes.
Reconstitute each vial with 5 mL of Sterile Water for Injection, USP to obtain a concentration of 1 mg/mL of MYLOTARG that delivers 4.5 mL (4.5 mg).
Gently swirl the vial to aid dissolution. DO NOT SHAKE.
Inspect the reconstituted solution for particulates and discoloration. The reconstituted solution may contain small white to off-white, opaque to translucent, and amorphous to fiber-like particles.
MYLOTARG contains no bacteriostatic preservatives.
If the reconstituted solution cannot be used immediately, it may be stored in the original vial for up to 16 hours in a refrigerator (2°C to 8°C; 36°F to 46°F) or up to 3 hours at room temperature (up to 30°C). PROTECT FROM LIGHT. DO NOT FREEZE . Dilution
Calculate the required volume of the reconstituted solution needed to obtain the appropriate dose according to patient body surface area. Withdraw this amount from the vial(s) using a syringe. PROTECT FROM LIGHT. Discard any unused reconstituted solution left in the vial. Doses must be mixed to a concentration between 0.075 mg/mL to 0.234 mg/mL according to the following instructions:
Doses less than 3.9 mg must be prepared for administration by syringe. Add the reconstituted MYLOTARG solution to a syringe with 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection to a final concentration between 0.075 mg/mL to 0.234 mg/mL. PROTECT FROM LIGHT.
Doses greater than or equal to 3.9 mg are to be diluted in a syringe or a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), non-PVC polyolefin, or ethylene vinyl acetate intravenous infusion bag in an appropriate volume of 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection to ensure a final concentration between 0.075 mg/mL to 0.234 mg/mL.
PROTECT FROM LIGHT.
Gently invert the infusion container to mix the diluted solution. DO NOT SHAKE.
Following dilution with 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, MYLOTARG solution should be infused immediately. If not used immediately, the diluted solution may be stored up to 18 hours in a refrigerator (2°C to 8°C; 36°F to 46°F) and for up to 6 hours at room temperature (up to 30°C). The allowed time at room temperature (up to 30°C) includes the time required for preparation of the diluted solution, equilibration, if needed, and the 2 hours needed to administer to the patient.
PROTECT FROM LIGHT and DO NOT FREEZE. Administration
Use an in-line 0.2 micron polyethersulfone (PES) filter for infusion of MYLOTARG.
Protect the intravenous bag from light using a light-blocking cover during infusion. The infusion line does not need to be protected from light.
Infuse the diluted solution over 2 hours using an infusion set made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with DEHP, PVC non-DEHP, polyethylene, or polyurethane. The infusion must be completed prior to the end of the allowed 6-hour storage of the diluted solution at room temperature (up to 30°C).
Do not mix MYLOTARG with, or administer as an infusion with, other medicinal products.
| Hematologic and Nonhematologic Toxicities | Recommended Action |
|---|---|
| Abbreviations: ALT=alanine aminotransferase; AST=aspartate aminotransferase; VOD=veno-occlusive disease; ULN=upper limit of normal. | |
| For patients receiving MYLOTARG in combination therapy | |
| Persistent thrombocytopenia | |
| Persistent neutropenia | |
| For all patients receiving MYLOTARG (Monotherapy or in Combination) | |
| VOD | |
| Total bilirubin greater than 2 × ULN, or AST and/or ALT greater than 2.5 × ULN | |
| Infusion-related reactions | |
| Other severe or life-threatening non-hematologic toxicities | |
Contraindications
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS MYLOTARG is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to the active substance in MYLOTARG or any of its components or to any of the excipients. Reactions have included anaphylaxis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) , Adverse Reactions (6) ] . Hypersensitivity to MYLOTARG or any of its components ( 4 ).
Safety data
Reported adverse events (FAERS)
Liver injury (LiverTox)
ALikelihood score A: Well known cause of clinically significant liver injury, typically the result of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome.
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin is a humanized monoclonal antibody conjugate that is used in the therapy of acute myelogenous leukemia. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin has been linked to transient serum enzyme elevations during therapy and not uncommon instances of acute sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, which can be severe and even fatal.
ABCDEA: well known cause; E: unlikely cause. [HD]: high doses only.
Pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy
8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Based on its mechanism of action and findings from animal studies [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1) , Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1) ] , MYLOTARG can cause embryo-fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. There are no available data on MYLOTARG use in pregnant women to evaluate for a drug-associated risk. In animal reproduction studies, gemtuzumab ozogamicin caused embryo-fetal toxicity, including structural abnormalities and alterations to growth, at maternal systemic exposures that were greater than or equal to 0.4 times the exposure in patients at the maximum recommended dose based on AUC (see Data ) .
Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2–4% and 15–20%, respectively. Data Animal Data In an embryo-fetal development study in rats, pregnant animals received daily intravenous doses up to 1.2 mg/m 2 /day gemtuzumab ozogamicin during the period of organogenesis.
Embryo-fetal toxicities including fetal growth retardation as evidenced by decreased live fetal weights, incidence of fetal wavy ribs and delayed skeletal ossification were observed at greater than or equal to 0.15 mg/m 2 /day. Increased embryo-fetal lethality and fetal morphological anomalies (digital malformations, absence of the aortic arch, anomalies in the long bones in the forelimbs, misshapen scapula, absence of a vertebral centrum, and fused sternebrae) were observed at greater than or equal to 0.36 mg/m 2 /day.
All doses with embryo-fetal effects were observed in the presence of maternal toxicity that included decreases in gestational body weight gain, food consumption, and gravid uterine weight. The lowest dose at which embryo-fetal effects were observed in rats (0.15 mg/m 2 /day) was 0.4 times the exposure in patients at the maximum recommended human dose, based on AUC.
Breastfeeding (LactMed)
No information is available on the clinical use of gemtuzumab ozogamicin during breastfeeding. Because gemtuzumab is a large protein molecule with a molecular weight of about 152,000 Da the amount in milk is likely to be very low. It is also likely to be partially destroyed in the infant's gastrointestinal tract and absorption by the infant is probably minimal. Ozogamicin (N-acetyl gamma calicheamicin) is a small-molecule that causes double-stranded DNA that might enter milk and be absorbed by the infant. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in the breastfed infant, the manufacturer recommends that women not breastfeed during treatment and for at least 1 month after the final dose.
Supply and cost
Drug shortage status
Recalls (last 24 months)
Therapeutic equivalence (Orange Book)
Price ladder
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