Treosulfan
Looking up MedlinePlus…
From MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine
Boxed warning
WARNING: MYELOSUPPRESSION GRAFAPEX causes severe and prolonged myelosuppression at the recommended dosage. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is required to prevent potentially fatal complications of the prolonged myelosuppression. Monitor hematologic laboratory parameters [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] . WARNING: MYELOSUPPRESSION See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. GRAFAPEX causes severe and prolonged myelosuppression. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is required to prevent potentially fatal complications of the prolonged myelosuppression. Monitor hematologic laboratory parameters. ( 5.1 )
Handling and access
NIOSH hazardous drug
Table 1NIOSH lists treosulfan as a hazardous drug. AHFS class: 10:00 antineoplastic agents.
- The package insert includes manufacturer's special handling information (MSHI). Follow it when preparing, administering, and disposing of this drug.
- Added to the list by NIOSH on 2025-07-17 after the 2024 publication.
Handle with the precautions your facility uses for hazardous drugs (USP <800>). NIOSH's Managing Hazardous Drug Exposures lists controls by drug form and activity.
Dosing in kidney impairment
This label has no separate kidney-impairment dosing section. Check warnings and clinical pharmacology in the full label.
Preparation and administration
Prepare this dose
Your numbers for treosulfan. Take vial strength, diluent, and limits from the label below.
Enter a dose to see draw volume, final concentration, and rates.
Recommended Dosage The recommended dosage of GRAFAPEX is 10 g/m 2 by intravenous infusion given daily for three days, beginning on Day -4 prior to transplantation in combination with fludarabine as outlined in Table 1. [See table below.] -Based Allogeneic HSCT Treatment Day -6 Day -5 Day -4 Day-3 Day -2 Day -1 Day 0 GRAFAPEX 10 g/m 2 /day intravenous infusion X X X Fludarabine 30 mg/m 2 /day intravenous infusion X X X X X Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell infusion X Premedicate patients with antiemetics prior to the first dose of GRAFAPEX and continue antiemetics on a fixed schedule through completion of treosulfan administration.
Preparation and Administration Instructions Reconstitute GRAFAPEX prior to intravenous infusion. GRAFAPEX is a hazardous drug. Follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures. 1 Use aseptic technique to prepare GRAFAPEX. Calculate the dose, the total volume of reconstituted GRAFAPEX solution required, and the number of GRAFAPEX vials needed.
Reconstitute each vial with 0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection, 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, 5% Dextrose Injection, or Sterile Water for Injection, in its original glass container using volumes described in Table 2 to obtain a final concentration of approximately 0.05 g/mL of GRAFAPEX. Reconstitution with Sterile Water for Injection alone is not recommended in children less than or equal to 12 years of age due to the resulting hypo-osmolarity of the final solution. [See table below.] Shake the vial(s) to dissolve.
Inspect the reconstituted solution for discoloration and particulate matter. The reconstituted solution appears as a clear colorless solution. Solutions showing any sign of precipitation should not be used. In case that solubility issues occur, prolonged standing time or slight warming of the reconstituted solution (hand warm) may be useful.
Determine the volume of 0.05 g/mL reconstituted solution needed based on the required dose. Reconstituted solutions of GRAFAPEX may be combined into a larger glass vial, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) bag or polyolefin (PO) bag. Discard any unused portion left in the vial(s). If not used immediately store reconstituted GRAFAPEX solution at room temperature 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F) for up to 24 hours.
Do not use if the solution contains a precipitate. Do not refrigerate. Infuse GRAFAPEX intravenously over 2 hours. Confirm patency of the intravenous line prior to infusion. Monitor for extravasation; if extravasation occurs, stop the infusion [see Warnings and Precautions] .
| Treatment | Day -6 | Day -5 | Day -4 | Day-3 | Day -2 | Day -1 | Day 0 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GRAFAPEX 10 g/m 2/day intravenous infusion | X | X | X | ||||
| Fludarabine 30 mg/m 2/day intravenous infusion | X | X | X | X | X | ||
| Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell infusion | X |
| Strength | Volume |
|---|---|
| 1 g/vial | 20 mL |
| 5 g/vial | 100 mL |
Drug interactions
Check treosulfan against a medication listLabel text (2 paragraphs)
Certain CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 Substrates: Monitor for adverse reactions of these substrates where minimal concentration changes may lead to serious or life-threatening toxicities. ( 7.1 )
7.1 Effect of GRAFAPEX on Other Drugs Certain CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 Substrates Monitor for adverse reactions of certain CYP2C19 or CYP3A4 substrates where minimal concentration changes may lead to serious or life-threatening toxicities, and reduce the dosage, as needed, if recommended in the prescribing information of these substrates. Treosulfan is a CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 inhibitor [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12 )] . Concomitant use of GRAFAPEX is predicted to increase the exposure of CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 substrates based on a mechanistic understanding of treosulfan metabolism, which may increase the risk of their adverse reactions.
Contraindications
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS GRAFAPEX is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to any component of the drug product. Hypersensitivity to any component of the drug product. ( 4 )
Safety data
Reported adverse events (FAERS)
Liver injury (LiverTox)
LiverTox has no chapter for treosulfan. Check the label's hepatic warnings.
Pregnancy and lactation
Breastfeeding (LactMed)
No information is available on the use of treosulfan during breastfeeding. Most sources consider breastfeeding to be contraindicated during maternal cytotoxic antineoplastic drug therapy, especially alkylating agents such as treosulfan. The manufacturer recommends to not breastfeed during treatment and for 1 week after the last dose. Chemotherapy may adversely affect the normal microbiome and chemical makeup of breastmilk. Women who receive chemotherapy during pregnancy are more likely to have difficulty nursing their infant.
Supply and cost
Drug shortage status
Recalls (last 24 months)
Therapeutic equivalence (Orange Book)
Price ladder
Not the price at the counterThese are not what a patient pays at the pharmacy counter. They are what pharmacies, health plans, and government buyers pay, before manufacturer rebates. A patient's cost depends on their insurance (copay, coinsurance, or deductible) or the pharmacy's cash price.