Trientine tetrahydrochloride

Mineral Supplements (e.g. iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium): Avoid concomitant use. If concomitant use is unavoidable ( 2.2 , 7.1 ): Iron : Take CUVRIOR at least 2 hours before or 2 hours after iron. Other Mineral Supplements : Take CUVRIOR at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after other mineral supplements. Other Drugs for Oral Administration : Take CUVRIOR at least 1 hour apart from any other oral drug. ( 2.2 , 7.1 )

7.1 Mineral Supplements and Other Oral Drugs CUVRIOR has the potential to chelate non-copper cations in mineral supplements and other oral drugs, and could be rendered ineffective prior to systemic absorption. Mineral Supplements Avoid concomitant use of mineral supplements such as iron, zinc, calcium, or magnesium with CUVRIOR because they may reduce the absorption of CUVRIOR.

However, if iron deficiency develops [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ], iron supplementation may be given in short courses, but because iron and CUVRIOR each inhibit absorption of the other, administer CUVRIOR at least 2 hours before or 2 hours after administration of an iron supplement [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) ]. If concomitant use of other mineral supplements is unavoidable, administer CUVRIOR at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after administration of other mineral supplements. Other Drugs for Oral Administration Administer CUVRIOR at least 1 hour apart from any other oral drug.

8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Available data from published literature and postmarketing experience over several decades with use of trientine for the treatment of Wilson's disease have not identified any drug-associated risks for major birth defects, miscarriages, or other adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. Untreated Wilson's disease may result in worsening disease symptoms during pregnancy and increase the risk of miscarriages in some symptomatic patients (see Clinical Considerations ) .

In animal reproduction studies, oral administration of trientine in rats during organogenesis resulted in increased embryo-fetal loss at a dose lower than the maximum recommended dose and produced fetal abnormalities at 2.7 times the maximum recommended dose. Copper supplementation in pregnant rats produced a marked reduction in trientine-induced fetal abnormalities. Oral administration of trientine dihydrochloride to pregnant mice during organogenesis increased the percentage of mice with total embryo-fetal loss at approximately 4.3 times the maximum recommended dose and produced fetal abnormalities at approximately 1.1 times the maximum recommended dose.

The mechanism of embryo-fetal harm (e.g., copper depletion) was not determined in the mouse study [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Data ]. Monitor copper levels throughout pregnancy and use the minimum effective dosage of CUVRIOR throughout pregnancy. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated populations is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively.

Clinical Considerations Disease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryo/Fetal Risk Untreated Wilson's disease or discontinuation of treatment during pregnancy may result in worsening neurological and hepatic symptoms, including rare reports of hepatic decompensation and liver failure. Untreated Wilson's disease may also increase the risk of miscarriage in some symptomatic patients. Increased copper deposition in the placenta and fetal liver may adversely impact the fetus. Maternal Adverse Reactions Trientine may chelate non-copper cations (e.g., iron, calcium).

Maintain appropriate levels during pregnancy [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) , Warnings and Precautions (5.2 , 5.3) , and Drug Interactions (7.1) ] . Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions Chelator-induced copper deficiency may have adverse…