Dextrose, unspecified form, sodium chloride, and potassium chloride
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From MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine
Dosing in kidney impairment
The risk of dilutional states is inversely proportional to the electrolyte concentration. The risk of solute overload causing congested states with peripheral and pulmonary edema is directly proportional to the electrolyte concentration. Solutions containing sodium ions should be used with great care, if at all, in patients with congestive heart failure, severe renal insufficiency, and in clinical states in which there is sodium retention with edema.
In patients with diminished renal function, administration of solutions containing sodium or potassium ions may result in sodium or potassium retention. Solutions containing potassium ions should be used with great care, if at all, in patients with hyperkalemia, severe renal failure, and in conditions in which potassium retention is present.
Preparation and administration
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DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION These solutions are for intravenous use only. Dosage is to be directed by a physician and is dependent upon age, weight, clinical condition of the patient and laboratory determinations. Frequent laboratory determinations and clinical evaluation are essential to monitor changes in blood glucose and electrolyte concentrations, and fluid and electrolyte balance during prolonged parenteral therapy.
When a hypertonic solution is to be administered peripherally, it should be slowly infused through a small bore needle, placed well within the lumen of a large vein to minimize venous irritation. Carefully avoid infiltration. Usually, up to 40 mEq of potassium per liter daily is sufficient to replace normal loss in adults.
Typical infusion rates should not exceed 10 mEq per hour or 120 mEq per day. Pediatric patients may require 2 to 3 mEq per kg of body weight daily. See WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS for pediatric use. Fluid administration should be based on calculated maintenance or replacement fluid requirements for each patient. Dextrose may be administered to normal individuals at a rate of 0.5 g/kg/hour without producing glycosuria.
At the maximum infusion rate of 0.8 g/kg/hour, approximately 95% of the dextrose is retained. Potassium Chloride in Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injections USP should not be administered simultaneously with blood through the same administration set because of the possibility of pseudoagglutination or hemolysis. Some additives may be incompatible.
Consult with pharmacist. When introducing additives, use aseptic techniques. Mix thoroughly. Do not store. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.
Contraindications
These solutions are contraindicated where the administration of sodium, potassium or chloride could be clinically detrimental. Solutions containing dextrose may be contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to corn products.
Pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Teratogenic Effects Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Potassium Chloride in Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injections USP. It is also not known whether Potassium Chloride in Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injections USP can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Potassium Chloride in Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injections USP should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.
Lactation
Nursing Mothers It is not known whether these drugs are excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Potassium Chloride in Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injections USP are administered to a nursing woman.
For breastfeeding, also see LactMed (National Library of Medicine), which summarizes milk levels and infant effects.
Supply and cost
Drug shortage status
Recalls (last 24 months)
Therapeutic equivalence (Orange Book)
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