Dorzolamide and timolol
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From MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine
Dosing in kidney impairment
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS COSOPT PF is contraindicated in patients with: Bronchial asthma or a history of bronchial asthma, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sinus bradycardia, second or third degree atrioventricular block, overt cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock. Hypersensitivity to any component of this product. ( 4.3 , 5.3 ) 4.1 Asthma, COPD COSOPT PF is contraindicated in patients with bronchial asthma, a history of bronchial asthma, or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [see Warnings and Precautions ]. 4.2 Sinus Bradycardia, AV Block, Cardiac Failure, Cardiogenic Shock COSOPT PF is contraindicated in patients with sinus bradycardia, second or third degree atrioventricular block, overt cardiac failure, and cardiogenic shock [see Warnings and Precautions ]. 4.3 Hypersensitivity COSOPT PF is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to any component of this product [see Warnings and Precautions ]. 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Potentiation of Respiratory Reactions Including Asthma Cardiac Failure Sulfonamide Hypersensitivity Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Increased Reactivity to Allergens Potentiation of Muscle Weakness Masking of Hypoglycemic Symptoms in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Masking of Thyrotoxicosis Renal and Hepatic Impairment Impairment of Beta-Adrenergically Mediated Reflexes During Surgery 5.1 Potentiation of Respiratory Reactions Including Asthma COSOPT PF contains timolol maleate, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent; and although administered topically, is absorbed systemically.
Beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents may mask the signs and symptoms of acute hypoglycemia. 5.8 Masking of Thyrotoxicosis Beta-adrenergic blocking agents may mask certain clinical signs (e.g., tachycardia) of hyperthyroidism. Patients suspected of developing thyrotoxicosis should be managed carefully to avoid abrupt withdrawal of beta-adrenergic blocking agents that might precipitate a thyroid storm. 5.9 Renal and Hepatic Impairment Dorzolamide has not been studied in patients with severe renal impairment (CrCl <30 mL/min).
Because dorzolamide and its metabolite are excreted predominantly by the kidney, COSOPT PF is not recommended in such patients. Dorzolamide has not been studied in patients with hepatic impairment and should therefore be used with caution in such patients. 5.10 Impairment of Beta-Adrenergically Mediated Reflexes During Surgery The necessity or desirability of withdrawal of beta-adrenergic blocking agents prior to major surgery is controversial.
Preparation and administration
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION The dose is one drop of COSOPT PF in the affected eye(s) two times daily. If more than one topical ophthalmic drug is being used, the drugs should be administered at least five minutes apart [see Drug Interactions ]. The solution from one individual unit is to be used immediately after opening for administration to one or both eyes.
Drug interactions
Check dorzolamide and timolol against a medication listLabel text (9 paragraphs)
Potential additive effect of oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor with COSOPT PF. ( 7.1 ) Potential acid-base and electrolyte disturbances. ( 7.2 ) Concomitant use with systemic beta-blockers may potentiate systemic beta-blockade. ( 7.3 ) Oral or intravenous calcium antagonists may cause atrioventricular conduction disturbances, left ventricular failure, and hypotension. ( 7.4 ) Catecholamine-depleting drugs may have additive effects and produce hypotension and/or marked bradycardia. ( 7.5 ) Digitalis and calcium antagonists may have additive effects in prolonging atrioventricular conduction time. ( 7.6 ) CYP2D6 inhibitors may potentiate systemic beta-blockade. ( 7.7 )
7.1 Oral Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors There is a potential for an additive effect on the known systemic effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibition in patients receiving an oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and COSOPT PF. The concomitant administration of COSOPT PF and oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors is not recommended.
7.2 High-Dose Salicylate Therapy Although acid-base and electrolyte disturbances were not reported in the clinical trials with dorzolamide hydrochloride ophthalmic solution, these disturbances have been reported with oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and have, in some instances, resulted in drug interactions (e.g., toxicity associated with high-dose salicylate therapy). Therefore, the potential for such drug interactions should be considered in patients receiving COSOPT PF.
7.3 Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents Patients who are receiving a beta-adrenergic blocking agent orally and COSOPT PF should be observed for potential additive effects of beta-blockade, both systemic and on intraocular pressure. The concomitant use of two topical beta-adrenergic blocking agents is not recommended.
7.4 Calcium Antagonists Caution should be used in the coadministration of beta-adrenergic blocking agents, such as COSOPT PF, and oral or intravenous calcium antagonists because of possible atrioventricular conduction disturbances, left ventricular failure, and hypotension. In patients with impaired cardiac function, coadministration should be avoided.
7.5 Catecholamine-Depleting Drugs Close observation of the patient is recommended when a beta-blocker is administered to patients receiving catecholamine-depleting drugs such as reserpine, because of possible additive effects and the production of hypotension and/or marked bradycardia, which may result in vertigo, syncope, or postural hypotension.
7.6 Digitalis and Calcium Antagonists The concomitant use of beta-adrenergic blocking agents with digitalis and calcium antagonists may have additive effects in prolonging atrioventricular conduction time.
7.7 CYP2D6 Inhibitors Potentiated systemic beta-blockade (e.g., decreased heart rate, depression) has been reported during combined treatment with CYP2D6 inhibitors (e.g., quinidine, SSRIs) and timolol.
7.8 Clonidine Oral beta-adrenergic blocking agents may exacerbate the rebound hypertension which can follow the withdrawal of clonidine. There have been no reports of exacerbation of rebound hypertension with ophthalmic timolol maleate.
Contraindications
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS COSOPT PF is contraindicated in patients with: Bronchial asthma or a history of bronchial asthma, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ( 4.1 ) Sinus bradycardia, second or third degree atrioventricular block, overt cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock. ( 4.2 ) Hypersensitivity to any component of this product. ( 4.3 , 5.3 )
4.1 Asthma, COPD COSOPT PF is contraindicated in patients with bronchial asthma, a history of bronchial asthma, or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ].
4.2 Sinus Bradycardia, AV Block, Cardiac Failure, Cardiogenic Shock COSOPT PF is contraindicated in patients with sinus bradycardia, second or third degree atrioventricular block, overt cardiac failure, and cardiogenic shock [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ].
4.3 Hypersensitivity COSOPT PF is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to any component of this product [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ].
Pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy
8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of COSOPT PF in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk. No evidence of teratogenicity has been observed in mice, rat, and rabbits with dorzolamide hydrochloride or timolol at clinically relevant doses [see Data]. Data Animal Data Oral administration of dorzolamide hydrochloride in pregnant rabbits at oral doses of ≥2.5 mg/kg/day (31 times the recommended human ophthalmic dose) revealed malformations of the vertebral bodies. These malformations occurred at doses that caused metabolic acidosis with decreased body weight gain in dams and decreased fetal weights.
No treatment-related malformations were seen at 1 mg/kg/day (13 times the recommended human ophthalmic dose). Oral administration of timolol in pregnant mice, rats and rabbits at does up to 50 mg/kg/day (7,000 times the systemic exposure following the maximum recommended human ophthalmic dose) demonstrated no evidence of fetal malformations. Although delayed fetal ossification was observed at this dose in rats, there were no adverse effects on postnatal development of offspring. Doses of 1,000 mg/kg/day (142,000 times the systemic exposure following the maximum recommended human ophthalmic dose) were maternotoxic in mice and resulted in an increased number of fetal resorptions.
Increased fetal resorptions were also seen in rabbits at doses of 14,000 times the systemic exposure following the maximum recommended human ophthalmic dose, in this case without apparent maternotoxicity.
For breastfeeding, also see LactMed (National Library of Medicine), which summarizes milk levels and infant effects.
Supply and cost
Drug shortage status
Recalls (last 24 months)
Therapeutic equivalence (Orange Book)
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