Epinephrine (nasal)
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Catecholamine, alpha-Adrenergic Agonist, beta-Adrenergic Agonist
Dosing in kidney impairment
Epinephrine can temporarily exacerbate the underlying condition or increase symptoms in patients with the following: hyperthyroidism, Parkinson's disease, diabetes, renal impairment. Epinephrine should be administered with caution in patients with these conditions, including elderly patients and pregnant women. 5.3 Allergic Reactions Associated with Sulfite Epinephrine is the preferred treatment for serious allergic or other emergency situations even though neffy contains sodium metabisulfite, a sulfite that may in other products cause allergic-type reactions including anaphylactic symptoms or life-threatening or less severe asthmatic episodes in certain susceptible persons.
Dosing in liver impairment
Administration Instructions Neffy is for nasal use only. Each neffy nasal spray is for single use and delivers the entire dose upon activation. Do not prime or attempt to reuse neffy for more than one administration. Administer neffy by inserting the nozzle of the nasal spray fully into one nostril until fingers touch the nose (see Figure 1 ).
Hold the nasal spray straight into the nose - do not angle the nasal spray to the inside septum or outer wall of the nose as some medication may be lost. Press the plunger firmly to activate. Avoid sniffing during and after administration. If a second dose of neffy is needed, administer a new nasal spray into the same nostril starting 5 minutes after the first dose (see Figure 1 ).
More than two sequential doses of epinephrine should be administered under direct medical supervision. Refer patients and caregivers to the Instructions for Use for detailed administration instructions. Figure 1: Administration of Neffy If neffy is frozen and is needed in an emergency, do not wait to thaw, seek emergency medical care immediately [see How Supplied/Storage and Handling ].
Figure 1
Drug interactions
Check epinephrine (nasal) against a medication listLabel text (6 paragraphs)
Neffy may alter nasal mucosa for up to 2 weeks after administration and increase systemic absorption of nasal products, including neffy. ( 7.1 ) Cardiac glycosides, diuretics or anti-arrhythmics: observe for development of cardiac arrhythmias. ( 7.2 ) Tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, levothyroxine sodium, certain antihistamines, and catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitors may potentiate effects of epinephrine. ( 7.3 ) Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs antagonize cardiostimulating and bronchodilating effects of epinephrine. ( 7.4 ) Alpha-adrenergic blocking drugs antagonize vasoconstricting and hypertensive effects of epinephrine.
( 7.4 ) Ergot alkaloids may reverse the pressor effects of epinephrine. ( 7.4 )
7.1 Potential Increased Exposure of Nasal Spray Drugs Neffy may alter nasal mucosa for up to 2 weeks after administration, and thus may increase systemic absorption of nasal products, including neffy, potentially increasing the risk of adverse reactions associated with these products.
7.2 Drugs Increasing Risk of Cardiac Arrhythmias Patients who receive epinephrine while concomitantly taking cardiac glycosides, diuretics, or anti-arrhythmics should be observed carefully for the development of cardiac arrhythmias [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Adverse Reactions (6) ] .
7.3 Drugs Potentiating Effects of Epinephrine The effects of epinephrine may be potentiated by tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, levothyroxine sodium, certain antihistamines, notably chlorpheniramine, tripelennamine, and diphenhydramine, and catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitors such as entacapone.
7.4 Drugs Antagonizing Effects of Epinephrine The cardiostimulating and bronchodilating effects of epinephrine are antagonized by beta- adrenergic blocking drugs, such as propranolol. The vasoconstricting and hypertensive effects of epinephrine are antagonized by alpha- adrenergic blocking drugs, such as phentolamine. Ergot alkaloids may also reverse the pressor effects of epinephrine.
Contraindications
None. None ( 4 )
Pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy
8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Prolonged experience with epinephrine use in pregnant women over several decades, based on published literature, have not identified a drug associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. There are risks to the mother and fetus associated with anaphylaxis, and treatment with epinephrine should not be delayed (see Clinical Considerations ).
In animal reproduction studies, epinephrine administered by the subcutaneous route to pregnant rabbits, mice, and hamsters, during the period of organogenesis, resulted in adverse developmental effects (including gastroschisis, and embryonic lethality, and delayed skeletal ossification) at doses approximately 2 times the maximum recommended daily intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intravenous dose (see Data ). The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes.
In the United States general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-Associated Maternal and Embryo/Fetal Risk During pregnancy, anaphylaxis can be catastrophic and can lead to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and permanent central nervous system damage or death in the mother and, more commonly, in the fetus or neonate. Treatment of anaphylaxis during pregnancy should not be delayed.
Data Animal Data In an embryofetal development study with pregnant rabbits dosed during the period of organogenesis (on days 3 to 5, 6 to 7 or 7 to 9 of gestation), epinephrine caused teratogenic effects (including gastroschisis) at doses approximately 15 times the maximum recommended intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intravenous dose (on a mg/m 2 basis at a maternal subcutaneous dose of 1.2 mg/kg/day for two to three days). Animals treated on days 6 to 7 had decreased number of implantations. In an embryofetal development study, pregnant mice were administered epinephrine (0.1 to 10 mg/kg/day) on Gestation Days 6 to 15.
Teratogenic effects, embryonic lethality, and delays in skeletal ossification were observed at approximately 3 times the maximum recommended intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intravenous dose (on a mg/m 2 basis at maternal subcutaneous dose of 1 mg/kg/day for 10 days). These effects were not seen in mice at approximately 2 times the maximum recommended daily intramuscular or subcutaneous dose (on a mg/m 2 basis at a…
For breastfeeding, also see LactMed (National Library of Medicine), which summarizes milk levels and infant effects.
Supply and cost
Drug shortage status
Recalls (last 24 months)
Therapeutic equivalence (Orange Book)
Price ladder
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